WHC10.1.02 - PHYSICS OF WELDING AND CUTTING

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Chapter 2 from the Welding Handbook, Tenth Edition, Volume 1, “Welding Science and Technology,” has been selected by the AWS Product Development Committee as a service to industry professionals. The physics of welding deals with the phenomena associated with welding processes and the formation of weld bonds. When perfectly flat and clean metal surfaces contact each other in pristine vacuum or inert gas protected conditions, atomic bonds can form spontaneously and welding may occur without any heat or pressure input. However, under practical conditions, roughness of material surfaces and the presence of other materials such as stable oxides prevent the close atom-to-atom proximity needed for weld bonds to form between metal surfaces. For fusion welding, the close contact needed for formation of atomic bonds is obtained by melting adjoining materials, whereas for solid-state welding it is obtained by application of heat and/or pressure, resulting in plastic deformation and diffusion so that weld bonds may form without melting The physics of welding deals with the phenomena associated with welding processes and the formation of weld bonds. When perfectly flat and clean metal surfaces contact each other in pristine vacuum or inert gas protected conditions, atomic bonds can form spontaneously and welding may occur without any heat or pressure input. However, under practical conditions, roughness of material surfaces and the presence of other materials such as stable oxides prevent the close atom-to-atom proximity needed for weld bonds to form between metal surfaces. For fusion welding, the close contact needed for formation of atomic bonds is obtained by melting adjoining materials, whereas for solid-state welding it is obtained by application of heat and/or pressure, resulting in plastic deformation and diffusion so that weld bonds may form without melting..

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WHC-10.1 WELDING HANDBOOK VOLUME 10 - WELDING AND CUTTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (AWS WHC-10.1)

Chapter 1	WHC-10.1.01 SURVEY OF JOINING, CUTTING, AND ALLIED PROCESSES
Chapter 2	WHC-10.1.02 PHYSICS OF WELDING AND CUTTING
Chapter 3	WHC-10.1.03 HEAT FLOW IN WELDING
Chapter 4	WHC-10.1.04 WELDING METALLURGY
Chapter 5	WHC-10.1.05 DESIGN FOR WELDING
Chapter 6	WHC-10.1.06 SYMBOLS FOR JOINING AND INSPECTION
Chapter 7	WHC-10.1.07 RESIDUAL STRESS AND DISTORTION
Chapter 8	WHC-10.1.08 ECONOMICS OF WELDING AND CUTTING
Chapter 9	WHC-10.1.09 MECHANIZED, AUTOMATED, AND ROBOTIC WELDING
Chapter 10	WHC-10.1.10 WELDMENT TOOLING AND POSITIONING
Chapter 11	WHC-10.1.11 MONITORING AND CONTROL OF WELDING AND JOINING PROCESSES
Chapter 12	WHC-10.1.12 WELD QUALITY
Chapter 13	WHC-10.1.13 TEST METHODS FOR EVALUATING WELDED JOINTS
Chapter 14	WHC-10.1.14 WELDING INSPECTION AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
Chapter 15	WHC-10.1.15 - PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
Chapter 16	WHC-10.1.16 - CODES AND OTHER STANDARDS
Chapter 17	WHC-10.1.17 - SAFE PRACTICES